Finding the best premium travel adapter with USB C in 2026 means balancing power, versatility, and build quality. The Anker Nano Travel Adapter stands out for its compact design and reliable performance, perfect for frequent travelers. The MOMAX Universal Travel Adapter 170W GaN offers powerful charging capabilities suitable for laptops and multiple devices, but comes at a higher price. Many options in this category face tradeoffs: larger adapters with more ports tend to be bulkier, while smaller models may lack the power or versatility needed for demanding devices. Keep reading to see how these top picks compare and which one fits your travel style best.
Complete the kit
Key Takeaways
- Top picks balance power output with portability, preventing bulky luggage but still supporting fast charging.
- GaN technology is a game-changer, enabling smaller, more efficient adapters that handle high wattage tasks.
- More ports mean greater versatility, but often at the expense of size and weight, so consider your travel needs carefully.
- Build quality and safety features like over-current and over-voltage protection are vital for peace of mind and device safety.
- Price varies widely; paying more often means better durability, more ports, and higher wattage support for premium devices.
| Anker Nano Travel Adapter (1-Pack), 20W USB-C Universal Charger | ![]() | Best for Compact Travel Charging | Plug Compatibility: Type A, C, G, I | USB Ports: 2 USB-A, 2 USB-C | Power Output: 20W total, 15W max per port | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| MOMAX Universal Travel Adapter 170W GaN with USB-C PD & USB-A QC – Worldwide Power Adapter for Laptop & Devices | ![]() | Best for High-Power and Laptop Charging | Power Output: 170W | USB Ports: 3 USB-C, 1 USB-A | Plug Types: C, G, I, A | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Universal Travel Adapter USB-C All-in-One Worldwide Plug Adapter, Black | ![]() | Best for Versatile International Compatibility | Input Voltage: 100-240V | Max Power: 880W at 110V, 1920W at 240V | USB-C Power Output: 20W/3A | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| EPICKA 75W GaN PD Universal Travel Adapter, 3 USB-C / 2 USB-A | ![]() | Best for Compact Power on the Go | Power: 75W | USB Ports: 3 USB-C, 2 USB-A | Plug Types: C, G, I, A | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| EPICKA 45W Universal Travel Adapter PD & QC, 1AC/3USB-C/2USB-A | ![]() | Best for Compact, Multi-Device Charging | Plug Types: C, G, I, A/B | Power Output: 45W fast charging | USB Ports: 3 USB-C, 2 USB-A | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Epicka Pulse Duo 65W Universal Travel Adapter PD/QC 3.0, 2AC/2USB-C/2USB-A | ![]() | Best Overall for Versatile International Charging | Power Output: 65W | Ports: 2 USB-C, 2 USB-A, 1 AC outlet | Plug Types: US Type A, UK Type G, EU Type C, AU/CN Type I | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Ceptics 45W Universal Travel Adapter with 3 USB-A, 2 USB-C & Universal Input | ![]() | Best Value for Compact Multi-Device Charging | Power Output: 45W | USB Ports: 3 USB-A, 2 USB-C | Input Voltage: 100-240V | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| UGREEN 45W 6-Port Universal Travel Plug Adapter Worldwide | ![]() | Best Compact Multi-Port Power for Global Travel | Power: 45W | Number of Ports: 6 | Compatibility: 200+ countries | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| EPICKA Universal Travel Adapter with 1 AC / 3 USB-C / 2 USB-A Ports | ![]() | Best for High Device Capacity and Safety | Number of USB-C ports: 3 | Number of USB-A ports: 2 | AC sockets: 1 | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| premium travel adapter with usb c | USB Ports | Power Output | Plug Types |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anker Nano Travel Adapter | 2 USB-A, 2 USB-C | 20W total, 15W max per port | — |
| MOMAX Universal Travel Adapter | 3 USB-C, 1 USB-A | 170W | C, G, I, A |
| Universal Travel Adapter USB-C | — | — | — |
| EPICKA 75W GaN PD Universal Tr | 3 USB-C, 2 USB-A | — | C, G, I, A |
| EPICKA 45W Universal Travel Ad | 3 USB-C, 2 USB-A | 45W fast charging | C, G, I, A/B |
| Epicka Pulse Duo 65W Universal | — | 65W | US Type A, UK Type G, EU Type C, AU/CN Type I |
| Ceptics 45W Universal Travel A | 3 USB-A, 2 USB-C | 45W | A, G, C, I |
| UGREEN 45W 6-Port Universal Tr | — | — | — |
| EPICKA Universal Travel Adapte | — | — | — |
More Details on Our Top Picks
Anker Nano Travel Adapter (1-Pack), 20W USB-C Universal Charger
The Anker Nano Travel Adapter excels in portability, making it ideal for travelers who prioritize a lightweight, space-saving solution. Unlike larger multi-port chargers like the MOMAX 170W, it focuses on essential charging needs for smartphones and small devices, with a straightforward 20W power limit that keeps it simple but limits high-power device support. Its universal plug compatibility covers most regions, yet it lacks grounded plug support and voltage conversion, which adds limitations for some travelers. Its compact size and fast charging capabilities—like powering an iPhone to 50% in under 30 minutes—make it a reliable companion for light travel. However, the absence of surge protection and voltage conversion means it’s not suitable for all device types or international trips requiring grounded connections or voltage adjustments.
Pros:- Extremely compact and lightweight for easy packing
- Universal plug compatibility for most regions
- Fast charging for smartphones—up to 50% in 28 minutes
Cons:- No support for grounded 3-prong plugs
- Limited to 20W output, unsuitable for high-power devices
- Lacks voltage conversion and surge protection
Best for: Travelers seeking a compact, lightweight adapter primarily for smartphones and small devices, especially those who value simplicity and portability.
Not ideal for: Users who need to charge multiple devices simultaneously, high-wattage laptops, or require grounded plugs and voltage conversion for international trips.
- Plug Compatibility:Type A, C, G, I
- USB Ports:2 USB-A, 2 USB-C
- Power Output:20W total, 15W max per port
- Dimensions:3.39 x 1.97 x 0.98 inches
- Weight:Unknown
- Warranty:18 months
Our verdict“This adapter is perfect for travelers prioritizing portability and quick smartphone charging, but not for high-power or grounded device needs.”
MOMAX Universal Travel Adapter 170W GaN with USB-C PD & USB-A QC – Worldwide Power Adapter for Laptop & Devices
The MOMAX 170W GaN Travel Adapter stands out for its high wattage capacity, making it suitable for charging laptops, tablets, and multiple devices simultaneously. Compared with the EPICKA 75W, it offers significantly more power, supporting fast charging for power-hungry gadgets while maintaining a compact form thanks to GaN technology. Its three USB-C ports and a USB-A port enable versatile device charging, and its compatibility with over 200 countries makes it a travel-ready powerhouse. Nonetheless, it does not include surge protection, which could be a concern for safeguarding sensitive electronics. Additionally, while 170W is ample for most devices, it might not support multiple high-power devices at once without some limitations, and its size, although compact for its capacity, is larger than ultra-light travel adapters.
Pros:- Supports fast charging up to 170W for laptops and devices
- Multiple USB-C ports for versatile device charging
- Built with GaN technology for efficiency and compact size
- Universal compatibility with 200+ countries’ sockets
Cons:- No surge protection, risking damage to sensitive electronics
- Larger than basic travel adapters, slightly less portable
- Limited to 170W, not suitable for multiple high-power devices simultaneously
Best for: Travelers needing to power high-wattage laptops and multiple devices across different countries, especially professionals on the go.
Not ideal for: Light travelers with only smartphones or those seeking a minimal, ultra-compact adapter, as this model is larger and more feature-rich than necessary.
- Power Output:170W
- USB Ports:3 USB-C, 1 USB-A
- Plug Types:C, G, I, A
- Compatibility:200+ countries
- Material:GaN technology
- Fuses:Dual 10A
Our verdict“Best suited for travelers with high-power devices and multiple gadgets who need reliable, fast charging worldwide, but willing to accept less portability.”
Universal Travel Adapter USB-C All-in-One Worldwide Plug Adapter, Black
This Universal Travel Adapter USB-C All-in-One offers broad international compatibility with over 200 countries supported via detachable plug options. It’s a good choice for those who value flexibility, with a max power of 880W at 110V—enough to handle most small appliances and devices. Its USB-C port delivers up to 20W, supporting fast charging for smartphones and some tablets, but it doesn’t support high-wattage laptops or voltage conversion, making it less suitable for power-hungry or high-voltage devices. The built-in safety features, including fuses and shutters, add peace of mind, but the power output can vary depending on the connected device, and it lacks surge protection, which can be a drawback for sensitive electronics.
Pros:- Supports over 200 countries with multiple plug options
- Fast charging USB-C port up to 20W
- Compact, lightweight, and easy to carry
- Built-in safety features including fuses and shutters
Cons:- No voltage conversion capability
- Limited to devices supporting dual voltage
- Power output varies and may not support high-wattage devices
Best for: International travelers needing a flexible, all-in-one plug adapter for smartphones, small gadgets, and everyday devices across multiple countries.
Not ideal for: Travelers with high-power laptops or those requiring voltage conversion, as this device doesn’t support high wattage or voltage adjustments.
- Input Voltage:100-240V
- Max Power:880W at 110V, 1920W at 240V
- USB-C Power Output:20W/3A
- Weight:3.2 oz
- Dimensions:3.0 x 1.9 x 1.5 inches
- Safety Features:Over-current, over-voltage, short-circuit, surge protection
Our verdict“A reliable, versatile choice for travelers needing basic fast-charging and wide compatibility, but not for high-wattage or voltage-sensitive devices.”
EPICKA 75W GaN PD Universal Travel Adapter, 3 USB-C / 2 USB-A
The EPICKA 75W GaN Travel Adapter delivers a balanced mix of power and portability, supporting fast charging for smartphones, tablets, and even some laptops. Its 75W capacity makes it suitable for most everyday devices, and the GaN technology allows it to stay compact despite its wattage. Compared with larger adapters like the MOMAX, it sacrifices some high-wattage support but excels in travel convenience and multi-port versatility. Its universal plug types suit over 200 countries, and safety features such as fuses and safety shutters protect your electronics. The main limitation is that it’s not designed for high-power appliances or devices exceeding 2000W, so it’s best for smaller gadgets and not for heavy-duty electronics.
Pros:- Supports fast charging with multiple USB ports
- Universal plug types suitable for over 200 countries
- Compact and lightweight for easy travel
- Includes safety features such as fuse and shutters
Cons:- Does not support voltage conversion, device compatibility must be verified
- Limited to 75W, not suitable for high-power devices
- No surge protection
Best for: Travelers needing a lightweight, multi-port adapter for smartphones, tablets, and light laptops during international trips.
Not ideal for: Those with high-power laptops or appliances that require more than 75W or voltage conversion, as this model cannot support such needs.
- Power:75W
- USB Ports:3 USB-C, 2 USB-A
- Plug Types:C, G, I, A
- Voltage Support:100-240V
- Fuses:2 extra fuses included
- Certifications:RoHS, CE, FCC
Our verdict“An excellent lightweight, multi-port adapter for light device charging on international trips, but not for high-power or voltage-sensitive devices.”
EPICKA 45W Universal Travel Adapter PD & QC, 1AC/3USB-C/2USB-A
The EPICKA 45W Travel Adapter offers a practical blend of power and portability, supporting multiple USB-C and USB-A ports for simultaneous fast charging of several devices. It’s a solid choice for travelers who want to charge smartphones, tablets, and small gadgets at once, with a maximum output of 45W. Its compact design and built-in safety features, including fuse and shutters, make it travel-friendly. However, it doesn’t support high-wattage laptops or voltage conversion, which limits its use with larger or voltage-sensitive electronics. Its lower power capacity compared to the MOMAX or Anker means it’s better suited for casual travelers with multiple small devices rather than power users or heavy-duty electronics.
Pros:- Charges multiple devices simultaneously with fast charging
- Supports over 200 countries with multiple plug options
- Compact and lightweight for easy packing
- Built-in safety features including fuse and shutters
Cons:- Does not support voltage conversion
- Limited to 45W, not suitable for high-wattage devices
- No surge protection, potential risk for sensitive electronics
Best for: Travelers who need to charge multiple compact devices simultaneously with fast charging in a small, lightweight package.
Not ideal for: Those traveling with high-power laptops or needing voltage conversion, as this device is limited to smaller devices and does not support high wattage.
- Plug Types:C, G, I, A/B
- Power Output:45W fast charging
- USB Ports:3 USB-C, 2 USB-A
- Voltage:100-240V
- Certification:RoHS, CE, FCC
- Fuse:Built-in 10A fuse
Our verdict“Ideal for travelers with multiple small devices needing fast, simultaneous charging, but not for high-power or high-voltage electronics.”
Epicka Pulse Duo 65W Universal Travel Adapter PD/QC 3.0, 2AC/2USB-C/2USB-A
The Epicka Pulse Duo stands out for its impressive combination of universal compatibility with over 200 countries and high-powered USB-C ports delivering up to 65W, making it ideal for travelers who need fast charging across multiple devices. Compared with the Ceptics 45W Adapter, it offers more power and additional ports, though it does not convert voltage, which limits its use with high-power appliances in dual-voltage regions. Its compact design and built-in safety features like a fuse and child-safe shutters make it a reliable choice for frequent travelers who prioritize safety and convenience. The lack of surge protection and voltage conversion, however, means it’s best for dual-voltage devices only.
Pros:- Universal compatibility with over 200 countries
- Fast charging with 65W USB-C ports
- Compact, lightweight, ideal for carry-on
Cons:- Does not convert voltage, limiting use with high-power appliances
- No surge protection
Best for: Travelers who need a reliable, high-power adapter compatible worldwide with multiple device support
Not ideal for: Travelers in regions with high-voltage appliances or those requiring surge protection, such as India or South Africa
- Power Output:65W
- Ports:2 USB-C, 2 USB-A, 1 AC outlet
- Plug Types:US Type A, UK Type G, EU Type C, AU/CN Type I
- Compatibility:200+ countries
- Safety Features:10A fuse, child-safe shutters
- Material:Fire-resistant PC
Our verdict“Best suited for international travelers with dual-voltage devices needing fast, versatile charging on the go.”
Ceptics 45W Universal Travel Adapter with 3 USB-A, 2 USB-C & Universal Input
The Ceptics 45W Adapter offers a solid balance of affordability and functionality, supporting multiple devices with three USB-A and two USB-C ports, making it a good choice for travelers with several gadgets. Unlike the UGREEN 45W 6-Port Adapter, it includes more USB ports and a slightly higher power output, but it shares the same limitation: no voltage conversion, which restricts its use in regions with different voltage standards. Its compact size and safety certifications make it suitable for casual travelers who prioritize multi-device charging without high-power needs, though its 45W limit can be a drawback for laptops or high-wattage devices.
Pros:- Supports multiple devices with various USB ports
- Universal plug compatibility for many countries
- Built-in safety features and certifications
Cons:- Does not convert voltage, limiting use in some regions
- Limited to 45W, unsuitable for high-power devices
Best for: Frequent travelers with multiple small devices like smartphones and tablets needing reliable, multi-port USB charging
Not ideal for: Travelers with high-power laptops or appliances in regions with different voltage standards requiring conversion
- Power Output:45W
- USB Ports:3 USB-A, 2 USB-C
- Input Voltage:100-240V
- Plug Types:A, G, C, I
- Safety Certifications:FCC, CE, RoHS
- Fuse:8A (extra included)
Our verdict“A practical, budget-friendly choice for multi-device travelers who don’t need high wattage or voltage conversion.”
UGREEN 45W 6-Port Universal Travel Plug Adapter Worldwide
The UGREEN 45W 6-Port Adapter combines portability with versatility, supporting over 200 countries with foldable pins and delivering up to 45W, enough to charge smartphones, tablets, and some laptops. Compared to the Epicka Pulse Duo, it sacrifices some power for a more compact form factor and foldable design, making it ideal for travelers who value space-saving solutions. Its safety features, including flame-retardant material and automatic shut-off, add peace of mind. However, it does not offer voltage conversion, so it’s not suitable for high-wattage appliances or regions with different voltage standards, requiring compatible devices to support dual voltage.
Pros:- Supports multiple countries with interchangeable pins
- Foldable pins for easy packing
- Supports fast charging for smartphones and laptops
Cons:- No voltage conversion, requires dual-voltage devices
- Limited to 45W, not suitable for high-power devices
Best for: Travelers seeking a lightweight, multi-region travel adapter with multiple ports and portability
Not ideal for: Those needing high wattage or voltage conversion for high-power appliances or in regions like India or South Africa
- Power:45W
- Number of Ports:6
- Compatibility:200+ countries
- Material:UL 94 V-0 flame-retardant PC
- Dimensions:3.48 x 2.05 x 1.22 inches
- Warranty:2 years
Our verdict“Ideal for space-conscious travelers who need multiple ports and worldwide compatibility without high wattage demands.”
EPICKA Universal Travel Adapter with 1 AC / 3 USB-C / 2 USB-A Ports
The EPICKA Universal Travel Adapter provides an impressive capacity to charge up to 6 devices simultaneously, including three USB-C ports supporting fast charging, and a robust 2400W maximum power. Unlike the Ceptics Adapter, it features a single AC socket but compensates with more USB-C ports, making it a strong choice for tech-heavy travelers. Its safety features, including a replaceable fuse and compliance with international standards, add to its appeal. The main limitation is the absence of voltage conversion, which restricts safe use in regions with incompatible voltage levels. Its high power capacity makes it a good option for travelers with high-power needs, but fuse maintenance could be a minor inconvenience.
Pros:- Supports up to 6 devices simultaneously
- Includes three USB-C ports supporting fast charging
- High maximum power of 2400W at 240V
Cons:- No voltage conversion, unsuitable for regions with different voltage standards
- Requires fuse replacement if overloaded
Best for: Tech-savvy travelers who need to charge multiple devices, including high-power laptops, simultaneously
Not ideal for: Travelers in regions requiring voltage conversion or those with only low-power gadgets, as the device does not support high-voltage conversion
- Number of USB-C ports:3
- Number of USB-A ports:2
- AC sockets:1
- Max Power:2400W at 240V
- Fuse:Replaceable 10A fuse
- Compatibility:200+ countries (excluding South Africa, India)
Our verdict“Best for high-power device users needing multiple charging ports in regions with compatible voltage standards.”

How We Picked
The products in this roundup were evaluated based on several key criteria: power output, port versatility, build quality, safety features, and size. I prioritized adapters that deliver reliable fast charging through USB C while maintaining compactness suitable for travel. Devices with GaN technology were favored for their efficiency and smaller form factor. Price was considered relative to features offered, ensuring each pick provides value for premium performance. The ranking reflects a combination of overall power capacity, usability, and durability, with a clear focus on those suited for frequent or demanding travelers seeking premium quality.| premium travel adapter with usb c | Plug Types |
|---|---|
| Anker Nano Travel Adapter | — |
| MOMAX Universal Travel Adapter | C, G, I, A |
| Universal Travel Adapter USB-C | — |
| EPICKA 75W GaN PD Universal Tr | C, G, I, A |
| EPICKA 45W Universal Travel Ad | C, G, I, A/B |
| Epicka Pulse Duo 65W Universal | US Type A, UK Type G, EU Type C, AU/CN Type I |
| Ceptics 45W Universal Travel A | A, G, C, I |
| UGREEN 45W 6-Port Universal Tr | — |
| EPICKA Universal Travel Adapte | — |
Factors to Consider When Choosing Best Premium Travel Adapter With Usb C
Choosing the best premium travel adapter with USB C involves considering several factors that impact usability and safety. Beyond just the number of ports or wattage, understanding how these factors interact can help you select an adapter that truly meets your travel demands. A good adapter should be versatile enough for different devices and regions, reliable over time, and compact enough to carry easily. Keep these considerations in mind to avoid common pitfalls like overloading, incompatibility, or bulkiness.Power Output and Charging Speed
The wattage supported by your travel adapter determines how fast your devices will charge, especially for high-power gadgets like laptops. While most premium adapters support at least 45W to 65W via USB C, some models go up to 170W, capable of charging larger devices. Selecting an adapter with sufficient wattage ensures your devices charge efficiently without overheating or throttling, which is especially important if you travel with multiple high-end devices.
Port Versatility and Number
More ports mean you can connect multiple devices simultaneously, but this often increases size and complexity. Decide whether you need a dedicated high-wattage USB C port or multiple USB A and C ports for various gadgets. A well-designed premium adapter balances port variety with compactness, so you can charge your smartphone, tablet, and laptop without carrying several chargers. Be wary of models that skimp on USB C ports, as they may limit your ability to fast-charge newer devices.
Size, Weight, and Portability
Travel adapters should be compact and lightweight, but some models with more features tend to be bulkier. GaN-based adapters now offer a sweet spot by providing high power in small packages, making them ideal for carry-on luggage. Consider your typical travel scenario—if you move frequently through airports or stay in tight accommodations, prioritize models that won’t add bulk or weight. Conversely, if you mainly stay in one place, size may be less critical than power and port options.
Build Quality and Safety Features
High-quality materials and safety features like overload, over-current, and short-circuit protection are essential for travel adapters. Premium models often include certifications such as UL, FCC, or CE, ensuring they meet strict safety standards. An adapter with robust construction will withstand frequent plugging and unplugging, while safety features protect both your devices and your health during charging. Skimping on quality can lead to device damage or safety hazards, especially when using adapters abroad.
Regional Compatibility and Compatibility with Devices
One of the key benefits of premium travel adapters is multi-region compatibility—look for models that support voltage ranges from 100V to 240V and have interchangeable plugs suitable for different countries. Additionally, verify that the adapter’s power delivery specifications align with your devices’ requirements. Using an incompatible or underpowered adapter can result in slow charging or even damage, so matching your device needs with the adapter’s capabilities is essential for safe, efficient use.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use a travel adapter with USB C to charge high-power laptops?
Yes, many premium travel adapters support high wattage via USB C, often up to 100W or more. This makes them capable of charging most laptops, including MacBooks and Windows ultrabooks. However, always check the wattage rating of the adapter against your device’s requirements. Using an underpowered adapter can result in slow charging or insufficient power delivery, so selecting one with adequate wattage is key for high-power laptops.
Are GaN-based adapters safer and more reliable for international travel?
GaN (Gallium Nitride) technology allows for smaller, more efficient adapters that generate less heat and support higher wattages. They are generally considered safer because of their improved thermal management and efficiency, reducing the risk of overheating. Many premium GaN adapters also include multiple safety certifications, making them a reliable choice for frequent international travelers. Still, it’s important to choose models with built-in safety features for added peace of mind.
How many devices can I realistically charge at once with a premium travel adapter?
The number of devices depends on the adapter’s port configuration and total wattage. Many premium models offer 3-6 ports, including USB C and USB A, enabling multiple devices to charge simultaneously. Always consider the total wattage capacity—charging multiple high-power devices at once may reduce charging speed or overload the adapter. For most travelers, a good balance of ports and power ensures they can keep their essential gadgets ready without sacrificing performance.
Should I prioritize size or power when choosing a premium travel adapter?
It depends on your travel style. If you frequently move between airports and hotels, a compact, GaN-based model offers a good combination of size and power. However, if you travel with multiple devices or need to charge high-power gadgets like laptops, a slightly larger adapter with higher wattage support may be necessary. Weigh your device needs against portability; premium adapters now often deliver both in a compact form, so aim for that balance.
Do I need a travel adapter that also acts as a voltage converter?
Most travel adapters are designed for plug compatibility and do not convert voltage. If you are traveling to regions with different voltage standards (e.g., 110V vs. 220V), you need a voltage converter in addition to an adapter. Many premium travel adapters support dual voltage (100V-240V), allowing you to plug in your devices safely without a converter. Always check the specifications of your devices and the adapter before use in foreign regions to avoid damage.
Conclusion
For travelers who prioritize overall performance, the MOMAX Universal Travel Adapter 170W GaN makes the most sense, offering high wattage and compactness. Those seeking the best value should consider models like the EPICKA 45W Universal Travel Adapter for reliable charging without extra bulk. If size and simplicity are your main concerns, the Anker Nano Travel Adapter provides a lightweight, efficient option suitable for light travelers. For frequent travelers with demanding devices, investing in a premium model with high wattage and multiple ports ensures versatility and safety, making it the best choice for power users and tech enthusiasts alike.











