If you’re looking for the best rugged 2TB portable SSDs for travel in 2026, I recommend models like the Samsung T7 Shield, SanDisk Extreme Portable, and ORICO rugged drives. These deliver fast transfer speeds up to 2,000MB/s, excellent durability with water, dust, and drop resistance, and compact designs perfect for on-the-go use. They support various devices and security features, making them reliable for any adventure. Keep exploring to discover which one suits your needs best.
Key Takeaways
- Prioritize SSDs with high transfer speeds (up to 2,000MB/s) for efficient large file handling during travel.
- Choose rugged drives with IP65 or higher ratings, shock resistance, and waterproof features for outdoor durability.
- Opt for compact, lightweight designs with USB-C or Thunderbolt interfaces for seamless portability and compatibility.
- Consider models with secure encryption (256-bit AES) and software support for data protection on the go.
- Look for devices with additional protective features like rubberized casings, carabiner loops, and thermal management.
| Samsung T7 Shield 2TB Portable SSD Rugged USB 3.2 |  | Best Overall | Storage Capacity: 2TB | Connectivity Interface: USB 3.2 Gen 2 | Durability Features: Water/dust resistant, drop resistant (up to 9.8 ft) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| SanDisk 2TB Extreme Portable SSD with USB-C |  | Most Reliable | Storage Capacity: 2TB | Connectivity Interface: USB-C / USB 3.2 Gen 2 | Durability Features: Water/dust resistant, drop protection (up to 2m) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| SanDisk 2TB Portable SSD with USB-C and USB 3.2 |  | Rugged & Compact | Storage Capacity: 2TB | Connectivity Interface: USB-C / USB 3.2 Gen 2 | Durability Features: Drop protection, shock resistant | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| ORICO 2TB Rugged External SSD with Waterproof Protection |  | Heavy-Duty Performance | Storage Capacity: 2TB | Connectivity Interface: USB-C / USB-A 2-in-1 | Durability Features: Waterproof, shock resistant | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Samsung T7 Shield 2TB Portable Rugged SSD |  | Top Durability | Storage Capacity: 2TB | Connectivity Interface: USB-C / USB 3.2 Gen 2 | Durability Features: Water/dust resistant, drop resistant | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| SanDisk 2TB Extreme PRO Portable SSD with Water Resistance |  | High-Speed Power | Storage Capacity: 2TB | Connectivity Interface: USB-C / USB 3.2 Gen 2 | Durability Features: Drop protection, rugged build | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Crucial X10 2TB Portable SSD with USB-C |  | Creator’s Choice | Storage Capacity: 2TB | Connectivity Interface: USB-C / USB-A | Durability Features: IP65 water/dust resistant, drop resistant (up to 9.8 ft) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| LaCie Rugged Mini SSD 2TB USB 3.2 Portable Drive |  | Eco-Friendly Design | Storage Capacity: 2TB | Connectivity Interface: USB-C | Durability Features: Water/dust resistant, shock resistant | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Crucial X10 Pro 2TB Portable SSD with USB-C |  | Extreme Resistance | Storage Capacity: 2TB | Connectivity Interface: USB-C / USB-A | Durability Features: Water/dust resistant, drop resistant | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| SanDisk 2TB Extreme Portable SSD with USB-C |  | Professional Level | Storage Capacity: 2TB | Connectivity Interface: USB-C | Durability Features: Water/dust resistant, shock resistant | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Samsung T9 2TB Portable SSD with USB 3.2 Gen 2×2 |  | Fast & Portable | Storage Capacity: 2TB | Connectivity Interface: USB 3.2 Gen 2×2 (USB-C) | Durability Features: Water/dust resistant, drop resistant (up to 3m) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Samsung T7 Portable SSD 2TB External Storage |  | Versatile & Tough | Storage Capacity: 2TB | Connectivity Interface: USB 3.2 Gen 2 (USB-C) | Durability Features: Water/dust resistant, shock resistant | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
More Details on Our Top Picks
Samsung T7 Shield 2TB Portable SSD Rugged USB 3.2
If you’re a professional who needs reliable, high-speed storage on the go, the Samsung T7 Shield 2TB Portable SSD is an excellent choice. It offers impressive transfer speeds of up to 1,050 MB/s thanks to USB 3.2 Gen 2 and PCIe NVMe technology. Its rugged design includes an IP65 rating for water and dust resistance and can withstand drops from nearly 10 feet. Compact and portable, it’s perfect for editing directly from the drive and supporting various devices like PCs, Macs, Android, and gaming consoles. With durable protection and fast performance, it’s built for demanding environments and mobile workflows.
- Storage Capacity:2TB
- Connectivity Interface:USB 3.2 Gen 2
- Durability Features:Water/dust resistant, drop resistant (up to 9.8 ft)
- Drop Resistance (Maximum Drop Height):Up to 9.8 ft (3 m)
- Size / Portability:Compact/palm-sized
- Additional Features:Software management (Samsung Magician), thermal guard
- Additional Feature:Supports editing directly from drive
- Additional Feature:Compatible with iPhone 15 Pro Res 4K
- Additional Feature:Samsung Magician management software
SanDisk 2TB Extreme Portable SSD with USB-C
The SanDisk 2TB Extreme Portable SSD with USB-C stands out for travelers who need fast, reliable storage in rugged environments. It delivers NVMe speeds up to 1050MB/s read and 1000MB/s write, making data transfers quick and efficient. Its compact, lightweight design (just 1.76 ounces) and durable build—with up to two-meter drop protection and IP65 water and dust resistance—ensure it can handle tough conditions. The drive features 256-bit AES hardware encryption for security and a carabiner loop for easy attachment. Compatible with USB-C devices and managed via the SanDisk Memory Zone app, it’s a versatile, dependable choice for on-the-go storage.
- Storage Capacity:2TB
- Connectivity Interface:USB-C / USB 3.2 Gen 2
- Durability Features:Water/dust resistant, drop protection (up to 2m)
- Drop Resistance (Maximum Drop Height):Up to 2 m
- Size / Portability:Small, lightweight
- Additional Features:Password encryption, firmware updates
- Additional Feature:Includes carabiner loop
- Additional Feature:Hardware encryption for security
- Additional Feature:Managed with SanDisk Memory Zone app
SanDisk 2TB Portable SSD with USB-C and USB 3.2
For travelers seeking a reliable and fast portable SSD, the SanDisk 2TB Portable SSD with USB-C and USB 3.2 stands out with its impressive 800MB/s read speeds. It’s built for mobile lifestyles, combining speed with rugged durability, including shock resistance and drop protection up to two meters. Its compact, lightweight design (just 1.44 ounces) makes it easy to carry, while the rubber hook ensures secure attachment to belts or backpacks. Compatibility with USB-C and USB 3.2 Gen 2 devices means quick data transfers across modern gadgets. Trusted by professionals, this drive offers a perfect balance of performance, portability, and toughness for travel in 2026.
- Storage Capacity:2TB
- Connectivity Interface:USB-C / USB 3.2 Gen 2
- Durability Features:Drop protection, shock resistant
- Drop Resistance (Maximum Drop Height):Up to 2 m
- Size / Portability:Small, portable
- Additional Features:Shockproof rubber hook, rugged design
- Additional Feature:Rubber hook for attachment
- Additional Feature:Shock resistant up to two meters
- Additional Feature:Proprietary durability technology
ORICO 2TB Rugged External SSD with Waterproof Protection
Designed for adventurers and professionals alike, the ORICO 2TB Rugged External SSD stands out with its waterproof protection and shock-resistant build, making it an ideal choice for travel in 2026. Its high transfer speeds of up to 2000MB/s let me quickly record, edit, and share large files on the go. The full aluminum unibody with silicone wrapping guarantees durability against drops and outdoor elements. Compact and lightweight, it’s easy to carry, featuring hanging holes and a carabiner loop for secure attachment. Compatible with a wide range of devices and interfaces, this SSD combines ruggedness with convenience, perfect for demanding travel environments.
- Storage Capacity:2TB
- Connectivity Interface:USB-C / USB-A 2-in-1
- Durability Features:Waterproof, shock resistant
- Drop Resistance (Maximum Drop Height):Not specified, waterproof/shock resistant
- Size / Portability:Compact, portable
- Additional Features:Waterproof, included USB cables
- Additional Feature:Ultra-fast 2000MB/s transfer speed
- Additional Feature:Silicone wrapping for protection
- Additional Feature:USB-C and USB-A 2-in-1 cable
Samsung T7 Shield 2TB Portable Rugged SSD
If you need a rugged portable SSD that can keep up with demanding travel conditions, the Samsung T7 Shield 2TB stands out as a top choice. It delivers fast data transfer speeds of up to 1,050 MB/s with USB 3.2 Gen 2 and PCIe NVMe technology. Its IP65-rated design offers water and dust resistance, and it can survive drops from up to 9.8 feet (3 meters), making it perfect for outdoor use. Compact and lightweight, it supports multiple platforms, including PC, Mac, Android, and gaming consoles. Plus, features like Dynamic Thermal Guard help prevent overheating, ensuring reliable performance wherever you go.
- Storage Capacity:2TB
- Connectivity Interface:USB-C / USB 3.2 Gen 2
- Durability Features:Water/dust resistant, drop resistant
- Drop Resistance (Maximum Drop Height):Not specified, waterproof/dustproof
- Size / Portability:Small, lightweight
- Additional Features:Built-in shock and water resistance, compact design
- Additional Feature:Supports 4K video recording
- Additional Feature:Reinforced elastomer exterior
- Additional Feature:Thermal management with Dynamic Guard
SanDisk 2TB Extreme PRO Portable SSD with Water Resistance
The SanDisk 2TB Extreme PRO Portable SSD with Water Resistance stands out as the top choice for travelers who need reliable, high-speed storage in tough environments. It offers impressive NVMe speeds of up to 2000MB/s, making data transfers quick and efficient. Its rugged aluminum chassis doubles as a heatsink, ensuring stable performance, while the IP65 rating provides water and dust resistance. Designed for durability, it can withstand drops up to 3 meters. Compact and lightweight, it features USB-C and USB 3.2 Gen 2×2 interfaces, supporting professional workflows. This combination of speed, protection, and portability makes it an excellent companion for travel and demanding workloads.
- Storage Capacity:2TB
- Connectivity Interface:USB-C / USB 3.2 Gen 2
- Durability Features:Drop protection, rugged build
- Drop Resistance (Maximum Drop Height):Up to 2 m
- Size / Portability:Compact, lightweight
- Additional Features:Rubber hook, rugged design
- Additional Feature:Aluminum heatsink chassis
- Additional Feature:Supports USB 3.2 Gen 2×2
- Additional Feature:3-meter drop protection
Crucial X10 2TB Portable SSD with USB-C
For travelers and professionals who need reliable, high-speed storage on the go, the Crucial X10 2TB Portable SSD with USB-C stands out as an essential choice. It delivers blazing-fast read speeds up to 2,100MB/s, making large file transfers quick and effortless. Its compact, lightweight design is perfect for portability, while its rugged build withstands dust, water (IP65), and drops up to 9.8 feet. Compatibility spans Windows, Mac, Linux, Android, gaming consoles, and more, ensuring seamless use across devices. With 2TB of storage and bonus software, it’s an ideal partner for creative work, gaming, and travel, offering durability and speed in one package.
- Storage Capacity:2TB
- Connectivity Interface:USB-C / USB-A
- Durability Features:IP65 water/dust resistant, drop resistant (up to 9.8 ft)
- Drop Resistance (Maximum Drop Height):Up to 9.8 ft (3 m)
- Size / Portability:Portable, pocket-sized
- Additional Features:Bonus software (e.g., photo backup), rugged design
- Additional Feature:Bonus software packages included
- Additional Feature:Supports USB-A and USB-C
- Additional Feature:Lanyard loop for portability
LaCie Rugged Mini SSD 2TB USB 3.2 Portable Drive
When durability and speed matter most during travel, the LaCie Rugged Mini SSD 2TB USB 3.2 Portable Drive stands out as an excellent choice. It offers blazing transfer speeds up to 2000MB/s thanks to USB 3.2 Gen 2×2 technology, making large file transfers quick and efficient. Its rugged design is IP54 rated, providing water, dust, and drop resistance, perfect for active lifestyles. Compatible with PC, Mac, and iPad via USB-C, it supports plug-and-play use across devices. Compact and lightweight, it’s built with eco-friendly materials, making it an ideal, durable, and fast storage solution for travelers on the go.
- Storage Capacity:2TB
- Connectivity Interface:USB-C
- Durability Features:Water/dust resistant, shock resistant
- Drop Resistance (Maximum Drop Height):Not specified
- Size / Portability:Small, portable
- Additional Features:Eco-friendly materials, rugged exterior
- Additional Feature:Eco-friendly with recycled materials
- Additional Feature:Supports Thunderbolt 4
- Additional Feature:Compact size with high speed
Crucial X10 Pro 2TB Portable SSD with USB-C
If you need a rugged portable SSD that can handle demanding travel conditions without sacrificing speed, the Crucial X10 Pro 2TB is an excellent choice. It offers lightning-fast data transfer speeds of up to 2100MB/s read and 2000MB/s write, perfect for professionals working with large files like 4K videos and high-res photos. Its 2TB capacity provides ample storage, and its IP55 water and dust resistance, along with drop protection up to 7.5 feet, make it durable enough for outdoor use. Compact and lightweight, it features a USB-C connection, password protection, and included backup software—ideal for on-the-go, high-performance storage.
- Storage Capacity:2TB
- Connectivity Interface:USB-C / USB-A
- Durability Features:Water/dust resistant, drop resistant
- Drop Resistance (Maximum Drop Height):Up to 2 m
- Size / Portability:Compact, portable
- Additional Features:Bonus software, rugged build
- Additional Feature:Supports USB 3.2
- Additional Feature:Includes activity light indicator
- Additional Feature:Rugged for outdoor use
SanDisk 2TB Extreme Portable SSD with USB-C
The SanDisk 2TB Extreme Portable SSD with USB-C stands out as an ideal choice for travelers who need fast, reliable storage that can withstand rugged conditions. It offers NVMe performance with speeds up to 1050MB/s read and 1000MB/s write, making data transfer quick and efficient. Built to endure drops up to 3 meters and IP65 water and dust resistance, it’s perfect for outdoor adventures. Its compact design, weighing just 1.76 ounces, features a carabiner loop for easy attachment. With USB-C compatibility, 256-bit AES encryption, and the SanDisk Memory Zone app, it combines durability, security, and convenience for on-the-go storage.
- Storage Capacity:2TB
- Connectivity Interface:USB-C
- Durability Features:Water/dust resistant, shock resistant
- Drop Resistance (Maximum Drop Height):Not specified
- Size / Portability:Compact, lightweight
- Additional Features:Rugged design, secure data features
- Additional Feature:Features a carabiner loop
- Additional Feature:Suitable for high-res media
- Additional Feature:Supports automatic space management
Samsung T9 2TB Portable SSD with USB 3.2 Gen 2×2
For travelers who need blazing-fast data transfer, the Samsung T9 2TB Portable SSD with USB 3.2 Gen 2×2 stands out as an excellent choice. It delivers sustained read and write speeds up to 2,000MB/s, making quick work of large files, edits, and backups. Its Dynamic Thermal Guard technology keeps the drive cool during intensive tasks, ensuring reliable performance over time. Compatibility is broad, supporting desktops, cameras, gaming consoles, and iPhones, including the iPhone 15 Pro Res 4K. With included software for firmware updates, encryption, and health monitoring, it offers both speed and security. Samsung’s reputation for quality guarantees durability and consistent performance.
- Storage Capacity:2TB
- Connectivity Interface:USB 3.2 Gen 2×2 (USB-C)
- Durability Features:Water/dust resistant, drop resistant (up to 3m)
- Drop Resistance (Maximum Drop Height):Up to 3 m
- Size / Portability:Small, portable
- Additional Features:Thermal guard, rugged aluminum chassis
- Additional Feature:Supports iPhone 15 Pro Res 4K
- Additional Feature:Built-in heat management
- Additional Feature:Maintains performance over time
Samsung T7 Portable SSD 2TB External Storage
The Samsung T7 Portable SSD 2TB stands out as an excellent choice for travelers who need fast, reliable storage that can withstand rough conditions. Its sleek, compact design features solid aluminum unibody construction, making it shock-resistant and able to handle drops from up to 6 feet. Weighing just about 2.08 ounces and measuring 3.3 x 2.2 x 0.3 inches, it’s highly portable. With speeds up to 1,050MB/s using USB 3.2 Gen 2, it supports high-resolution video recording and large file transfers. Compatibility spans PC, Mac, Android devices, and gaming consoles, making it a versatile and durable option for on-the-go storage.
- Storage Capacity:2TB
- Connectivity Interface:USB 3.2 Gen 2 (USB-C)
- Durability Features:Water/dust resistant, shock resistant
- Drop Resistance (Maximum Drop Height):Up to 3 m
- Size / Portability:Slim, portable
- Additional Features:Data encryption, shockproof casing
- Additional Feature:Shock-resistant solid aluminum
- Additional Feature:Supports 4K/8K video recording
- Additional Feature:High-speed PCIe NVMe tech
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Rugged Portable SSD 2TB for Travel
When selecting a rugged portable SSD, I consider durability, transfer speeds, and compatibility to guarantee it meets my travel needs. It’s also important to match the storage capacity and size with how I plan to use it on the go. By focusing on these factors, I can find a reliable drive that balances performance and portability.
Durability and Resistance
Choosing a rugged portable SSD for travel means prioritizing durability and resistance to the elements. I look for drives with an IP65 or higher rating to guarantee water and dust resistance during adventures. Shock resistance is essential too; I prefer drives that can handle drops from at least 3 meters (around 10 feet). A rugged exterior made of reinforced elastomer or aluminum helps withstand impacts and rough handling. I also check if the SSD is tested for environmental resistance, including water flow, dust, and temperature changes, to confirm reliable performance wherever I go. Features like sealed ports and reinforced casings add extra protection, preventing damage from spills or accidental drops. These qualities give me confidence that my data stays safe, no matter what travel throws my way.
Transfer Speed Efficiency
Faster transfer speeds are vital when selecting a rugged portable SSD for travel, as they directly impact your workflow and convenience. With speeds up to 2,100MB/s, these drives enable rapid data transfer, saving you time during busy trips. High sequential read and write speeds allow me to edit large files directly from the drive without lag, which is essential when working on the go. Interfaces like USB 3.2 Gen 2 and Thunderbolt 3/4 greatly affect transfer efficiency and compatibility, ensuring smooth connections with various devices. Faster transfer rates minimize bottlenecks, helping me stay productive during fieldwork and quicken backups or multimedia sharing. Overall, high transfer speed efficiency makes a notable difference in maintaining seamless, reliable, and efficient data management while traveling.
Device Compatibility Options
Device compatibility options play a significant role in guaranteeing your rugged portable SSD works seamlessly across all your devices during travel. I look for drives that support multiple interfaces like USB-C, USB-A, Thunderbolt, or proprietary connectors, offering versatility for different gadgets. Compatibility with various operating systems—Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS—is essential so I can connect without hassle. I also prioritize plug-and-play functionality, so I don’t need extra drivers or software, making setup quick and simple. High-speed data transfer standards like USB 3.2 Gen 2 or Thunderbolt 3/4 are vital for fast performance, especially when transferring large files. Finally, if I plan to use my SSD with smartphones or tablets, I guarantee it’s compatible with mobile devices for direct connection or app integration during my travels.
Storage Capacity Needs
A 2TB rugged portable SSD offers a generous amount of storage space, making it ideal for handling large files like high-resolution photos, videos, and backups during travel. When choosing the right capacity, consider your typical data volume and future growth—will you need more space soon? Think about your specific needs, such as recording 4K videos or storing extensive game libraries, to ensure the drive supports these tasks comfortably. It’s also important to evaluate if 2TB aligns with your workflow, so you don’t have to transfer files frequently or carry multiple drives. Ultimately, verify that the capacity suits your devices and planned projects, helping you avoid unexpected storage shortages or the hassle of managing multiple drives during your adventures.
Portability and Size
When selecting a rugged portable SSD 2TB for travel, prioritizing compactness and lightweight design is essential to guarantee easy and comfortable transport. I recommend choosing a drive under 4 inches long to fit easily into pockets or small bags. A rugged design with reinforced casing and shock resistance assures it can handle drops and bumps without damage. Look for models with an IP65 or higher water and dust resistance rating, so it stays protected in diverse environments. Weighing less than 5 ounces, these drives minimize fatigue during extended trips. Additionally, features like a built-in carabiner or loop can be invaluable for attaching the SSD securely to bags or belts. Prioritizing size and weight makes your travel data management effortless and hassle-free.
Security and Encryption
Ever wonder how to keep your sensitive travel data safe on a rugged portable SSD? The answer lies in choosing a drive with robust security features. Look for SSDs with 256-bit AES hardware encryption—this guarantees your data stays protected even if the drive falls into the wrong hands. Password protection is essential; it prevents unauthorized access if your drive is lost or stolen. For added security, consider models that support automatic encryption and secure data wipe functions, so you can erase your data completely when needed. Make sure the SSD complies with security standards like FIPS 140-2, ensuring reliable encryption protocols. Finally, opt for drives that offer secure management software, allowing you to monitor and control encryption settings effortlessly.
Battery and Power Features
Since rugged portable SSDs generally rely on the host device for power, it’s important to take into account their power and battery features carefully for travel. Most models don’t have built-in batteries, but some offer rechargeable options that can operate independently for limited periods. Battery capacity, measured in milliampere-hours (mAh), determines how long the drive can function without being connected. Power consumption varies depending on data transfer speeds, activity levels, and environmental conditions, affecting battery life. For travel, choosing an SSD with efficient power management is key to ensuring longer usage without frequent recharging or relying on external sources. A drive with optimized power features can markedly enhance your mobility and data access during extended trips.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Do Rugged SSDS Perform in Extreme Temperatures?
Rugged SSDs generally perform well in extreme temperatures, but I always double-check their specifications. They’re built to withstand heat, cold, shocks, and vibrations, making them reliable on the go. However, I avoid exposing mine to direct flames or freezing temperatures for extended periods. Properly rated rugged SSDs give me peace of mind, knowing my data stays safe no matter the environmental challenge I face during travel.
Are Rugged SSDS Compatible With All Operating Systems?
Rugged SSDs are like chameleons, adapting to various operating systems. I’ve found most are compatible with Windows, macOS, and Linux, making them versatile travel companions. Manufacturers often include formatted drives that are ready to go, or you can reformat easily. Just check the specifications before buying to confirm compatibility with your device. This way, you won’t be caught off guard on the go, no matter what system you use.
What Is the Warranty Coverage for Rugged Portable SSDS?
I’ve found that warranty coverage for rugged portable SSDs usually varies by brand, but most offer a standard 3-year warranty. This typically covers hardware failures and defects, but doesn’t include accidental damage or misuse. I always recommend checking the specific warranty details before purchasing, so you know exactly what’s covered. Having reliable warranty coverage gives me peace of mind, especially when traveling with valuable data.
How Do I Securely Erase Data From a Rugged SSD?
To securely erase data from a rugged SSD, I recommend using the manufacturer’s utility software or a trusted third-party tool like Parted Magic. I always connect the drive directly to my computer, then select the secure erase or sanitize option. This overwrites the data completely, making recovery impossible. Remember to back up any important files before starting, as this process is irreversible.
Can Rugged SSDS Be Used for Continuous, High-Speed Data Transfer?
Absolutely, rugged SSDs can handle continuous, high-speed data transfers. I’ve used mine during intense editing sessions and data backups on the go, and they keep pace without skipping a beat. Imagine a relentless stream of data, smoothly flowing even in tough conditions. These drives are engineered for durability and performance, making them perfect for demanding tasks. Trust me, they won’t let you down when speed and reliability matter most.
Conclusion
No matter which rugged 2TB SSD you choose, think of it as your digital armor on the go—ready to brave any adventure. These tough drives are like trusty sidekicks, keeping your data safe and accessible wherever travel takes you. So, pick the one that best fits your needs, and let your files travel as freely as you do. After all, the right gear turns rough journeys into smooth sailing.
